Rosin carbonates



Patented July 16, 1946 UNITED STATE PATEN r OFFICE .ROSIN CARBONATES Joseph N. Borglin, Wilmington, Del., assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application December9, 1942,

Serial No. 468,427

5 Claims. (01 260100) 1 This invention relates to a new composition of matter and to the processior obtaining it and particularly to a rosin carbonate.

In accordance with: the present invention rosin alcohols and their alcoholates and esters may be reacted with a derivative of carbonic acid to producerosin esters ofcarbonic acid. The rosin carbonates may contain two rosin groups and may be referred to as neutral rosin carbonates. The rosin carbonates may contain one rosin group and one alkyl, aryl', or aralkyl group and may be referred to as mixed neutral rosin carbonates. Again the rosin carbonates may contain one rosin group and one halo group and maybe. referred to as halo rosin carbonates.-

nriiin-Id' neutral" rosin carbonates. may be prepared by means of. an acid halide] reaction wherein an; acid halide as; Iorexample, a halo formyl halide is caused to be reacted with an alkali metal rosin al'cohol'ate or a rosinalc'oh'ol or'wherein a halo forinyl'falkyl ester is caused to .be reacted with an alkali metal rosin al'coholate or a rosin alcohol 7 "I'ne'halb rosin; carbonates maybe prepared,

in gerieralfbyfrheans of an acid halide reaction wherein. an acidhalide; as, forv example,' a halo formylhalide is caused to bereacted with an and wherein a halo formyl alkyl ester is caused to be reacted with an alkali metal rosin alcoholate or a rosin alcohol.

In general, the rosin alcohols and their esters and alcoholates that may be used in accordance with this invention may be derived from ordinary rosin and the specific rosin acid components thereof as, for example, abi'etic' acid, sapinic acid, d-pimaric acid; l-pimaric. acid-,etcq' also they: may be: derived from-"chemically modified rosin as, for example, polymerized Wood, hydrogenated rosin, dehydrogenated rosin, rosin which has been subjected to a heat treatment at about 250 C. to about 350C. and rosin which has been subjected to a .heat treatment at about C. to about 300C. in the presence of a suitable catalyst. r y r w The method in accordance with this invention is'illustrated by the following specific examples; all parts and percentages being by weight unless otherwise specified;

Example 1 Fifty grams of hydrogenated abietyl' alcohol were dissolved in 50 grams of xylene.v Twenty grams of phosgene were passed through the solution for two hours at room temperature. An exothermic reaction took, place resulting in the evolution of a relativelysmall amount of heat. The xylene was removed by means of vacuum distillation carried out at a maximum distillation temperature of C. Forty five grams of a brown semi-viscous, saponifiable l-iquidwere obtained. The liquid contained about 6mm chlorohydroabietyl carbonate and about 37% by. droabietyl carbonate.

Each of the following examples was carried out in a manner substantially as described with alkallnietalrosin alcoholate or a rosin alcohol, 49 reference to Example 1:

ance with the present invention 3 Carbonic acid derivatives operable in accordhaving the general formula are the esters wherein R and R are alkyli'aryl, or aralkyl radicals as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isoamyl, isobutyl, etc., and specificallydiethyl .car-" bonate, diisoamyl carbonate, diisobutyl carbonate,

wherein R, and R" are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radl0 icals, are caused to bereacted together with or Without the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate.

dimethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dibenzyl carbonate, etc; halo formyl halides having the general formula wherein X and X 'arehalogen radicals as,- for example, chloro, bromo, etc., and specifically phosgene, bromo formyl bromide, chloro forrnyl bromide,'bromo formyl chloride, etc.;"halo alkyl esters having the general formula wherein X is ahalogen radical as, for. example,

chloro, bromo, etc., and-R isan alkyl radical as,

for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isoamyl, etc.,

and specifically chloro ethyl carbonate, chloro methyl carbonate, bromo ethyl carbonate, bromo methyl carbonate, chloro propyl carbonate, chloro isopropyl carbonate, chloro isoamyl carbonate,

etc.; and alkali metal salts represented by the eneral formula wherein M represents an alkali metal asyfor example, sodium, potassium, lithium, etc., and wherein R represents an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical. f 1

The rosin alcohols and their ester, and alcoholate derivatives operable-in-accordance with this invention'may be prepared from any of the of the methods well known in the art. Any one of the more than difierent isomeric rosin acidsp" may-be treated according to methods wellknown in the art to produce the rosin alcoholsand their: ester and-alcoholate derivatives.- 7

natural and chemically modifiedrosins by any;

,00 Chemically modified rosins which may be" treated in'accordance with procedure well known l in the art to form the chemically modified rosin alcohols and their ester, and alcoholate' 'derivar-q tives may be any rosin which has been treated to modify its chemical structure; Rosins which rosins, the dehydrogenated rosinls, the polymerized rosins,- those rosins'which have been heat treated. at about 250 C. to about 350 C., those rosins'which have been heat treated at about 100 C. to about 300 C. in. the presence of a suitable catalyst, polymerized crystallized rosins, hydro tallized rosins. Q

fall within this general class are the hydrogenated genated crystallized resins, and heat treated crys-'.

.The ester interchange reaction may be carried out by heating a rosin alcohol ester as, .for example, rosin alcohol acetate with a dialkyl carbonate as, for examplegfdiethyl carbonate in a suitable solvent, as for example, benzene xyl ene, etc. The proportions of neutral and mixed neutral rosincarbonates formed depend in part upon.

the reaction time and-temperature. Ordinarily,

when the reaction is carriedout at room temperature, a mixture ofneutral and mixed neutral;

rosin carbonates are formed with the mixed neutral rosin carbonates predominating. The quan tity of neutral rosin carbonates increases withincreased reaction time and increased. temper.-, Generally, the reaction time-may. vary,

ature. 7 from about 1 hour to aboutlZ-hoursand will usually reach equilibrium in from about 5 hours to about 10 hours. The temperature-may vary from about C. and about 250 C..and usually isbetween about C. andabout 200? C. The concentration of the ro'sinalcoholesterin bene,

zene or any other suitable solvent may vary from about 10% to about 60% andpreferably may be between about 15% and about 30%. The neutral and mixed neutral rosin carbonates may be prepared by meanslof an-alcfohol interchange wherein a rosin alcoholand an"ester jcarv bonate of the type hereinbefore referred. toare;

caused to be reacted together in the presence'jof an effective amount of an alkali metal alcoholate as the catalyst. 'Where dimethyl. carbonate is 1 the ester carbonate 'usecl incarryingout .the al-. cohol reaction with a rosin alcohol, methylal cohol will-distillout of the reaction mixture. as the reaction progresses, under. the. influence of heat when .using sodium methylate as, the, catalyst.

The reaction may be carried out at a temperature.

between about 60 .c. and about 250 C..but is-prer. erably carried out at a temperature between about 100 C. and about 200 C. Generally, the reaction time may vary from about 1 hountor'aboutfll hours and will usually reach'equilibrium' in from.

about 5 hours to about 10 hours. G enerallflwhe'nx the reaction is carried out at the iowergtemperae turesand fora shorter period of time,'a greater I --=percentage of the mixed neutralrosin carbonates" .is. formed. When the reaction is carried out at.

the higher temperaturesand for a greater period of time, a greater percentage ofneutral rosin carbonates'is formed. In either case, a' mixture of the neutral and the mixed neutral rosinjcarbonates is produced when a rosin alcohol and acarbonic acid derivative are caused to be reacted iri'accorda'noe with the present invention. The r concentration of the rosin alcohol in benzene or any other suitable solvent-may vary from about 10% to about 60% and preferably-,emay be bh tween about :15 and about 30%.

The neutral rosin carbonates,,the mixed neu- 'traTrosin carbonatesyand the halo rosin carbonates maybe preparedby means of 'an' acid halidereaction wherein'jan acid halideas, for ex ample, a halo formyl halide may be caused to be reacted Withatosinalcohol; The acid halide able halo formyl ester may be the chloroethyl ester of carbonic acid. It is preferred to use an excess of the chlorocarbonic acid ester, for example, about 25% excess which is slowly added to the rosin alcohol during mild stirring of the-mixture. An exothermic reaction takes place-with the evolution of a relatively large amount of heat. The resulting solution may be vacuum filtered to remove the sodium chloride precipitate.- Excess chlorocarbonic acid. ester and solvent may be removed by means of distillation. The time of the reaction may vary from about 3 minutes to about 1 hour but, in general, the reactionwill take place in about to about 20 minutes. The reaction temperature may vary from about 10 C. to about 100 C. The proportion of neutral rosin carbonates and halo rosin carbonates in the reaction mixture will depend in part upon the conditions of reaction including temperature, time, and reaction components. Generally, the lower temperatures and relatively shorter periods of reaction time are more conducive to the formation of the halo rosin carbonates than to the formation of the mixed and neutral rosin carbonates. The concentration of the rosin alcohol in benzene or any other suitable solvent may vary from about 10% to about 60% and preferably, may be between about and about 30%.

When the acid halide reaction is carried out using a halo formyl halid and a rosin alcohol, a mixture of halo rosin carbonates, neutral carbonates and mixed neutral carbonates result wherein the neutral rosin carbonates predominate. A preferred halo formyl halide in this reaction is, for example, phosgene, which, when passed ried out at room temperature, a mixture of neu- I tral and halo rosin carbonates is formed wherein the halo rosin carbonates predominate. A greater percentage of the neutral rosin carbonates is formed when the halo formyl halide-rosin alcohol reaction is carried out at the increased reaction and about 10 hours but, in general, equilibrium is reached in from about 1 to about 2 hours. The temperature for thesetwo types of reactions may vary from about 10 C. to about C. but the reaction usually takes place at about 20 C- to about 40 C.

The rosin carbonates are useful in the manufacture of adhesive compositions; 7

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

l. A mixed ester of carbonic acid and a hydrogenated rosin alcohol and an alkyl alcohol.

2. A mixed ester of carbonic acid and a hydrogenated rosin alcohol and methyl alcohol.

3. A method of producing a rosinyl carbonate which comprises reacting a haloformyl halide with a rosin compound selected from a group consisting of a rosin alcohol, its acetate and its alcoholate.

4. A mixed ester of carbonic acid and a polymerized rosin alcohol and an alkyl alcohol.

5. A mixed ester of carbonic acidand an alkyl alcohol and a rosin alcohol selected from the group consisting of a hydrogenated rosin alcohol, polymerized rosin alcohol, dehydrogenated rosin alcohol and heat-treated rosin alcohol.

JOSEPH N. BORGLIN. 

